Spivey, S.M., & Connor, T. H.,.(2003). Determining sources of workplace contamination with antineoplastic drugs and comparing conventional IV preparation with a closed system.  Hospital Pharmacy, 38(2):135-139.

This study compared traditional techniques utilizing a syringe and needle and compared this with use of PhaSeal, a closed system transfer device (CSTD) while preparing and administering fluorescein. Fluorescein solution has been used in training health care providers with drug preparation and to document drug contamination in the working environment. Fluorescein was prepared as a dry powder and a 0.05% solution in empty drug vials. Every phase of the manipulation process, approximately 75 in total was photographed using UV light to visualize fluorescein leaks and spills. The preparation and administration procedures included reconstitution of a dry powder, drug transfer from the vial to an IV bag, simulated drug administration, and IV push administrations through an IV port. With the traditional needle/syringe technique, each phase of the manipulations resulted in visible fluorescein leakage into the environment. Fluorescein leakage ranged in size from less than 1 to 50 mm in diameter. The syringes, work surfaces, gloves, manifold ports, and IV bag ports exhibited fluorescein contamination; however with PhaSeal, no leakage was observed throughout any phase of the manipulations. Implications for the study suggest that while using traditional needle/syringe technique during preparation of a hazardous drug may lead to release of the agent into the work environment.  This poses a health risk to the worker. A closed system transfer device, PhaSeal has the ability to confine hazardous drugs, by substantially reducing and possibly eliminating drug exposures.

View other PhaSeal Studies, click here.